The Research

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the cognitive effects of individual anticholinergic (AC) medications, given that anticholinergics are widely prescribed and concerns about cognitive side effects have produced mixed findings. The review included 138 studies, with 38 studies specifically assessing the cognitive impact of scopolamine.

This open-label, 12-month clinical trial evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.06% (84 mcg per nostril, three times daily) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), particularly those suffering from chronic rhinorrhea. Patients were initially treated with the full dose, with reductions allowed in the final 6 months to the lowest effective dose.

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide nasal spray in treating rhinorrhea (runny nose) associated with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). A total of 219 patients were enrolled and treated with either 42 mcg or 84 mcg of ipratropium bromide per nostril three times daily, or with a placebo. The trial was designed to assess the ability of ipratropium to reduce nasal hypersecretion without inducing excessive dryness or systemic cholinergic side effects.